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}} Lady Antonia Margaret Caroline Fraser, DBE (born 27 August 1932), née Pakenham, is a British author of history, novels, biographies and detective fiction. She is the widow of the 2005 Nobel Laureate in Literature, Harold Pinter (1930–2008), and prior to his death was also known as Antonia Pinter.〔Mel Gussow, ("The Lady Is a Writer" ), ''The New York Times Magazine'', 9 September 1984, Sec. 6, Health: 60, col. 2. Print. The New York Times Company, 9 September 1984. Retrieved 8 April 2009. (Cached version. )〕〔Antonia Fraser, ("Writer's Rooms: Antonia Fraser" ), ''Guardian'', Culture: Books, Guardian Media Group, 13 June 2008. Retrieved 8 April 2009. (Includes photograph of Antonia Fraser's study.)〕〔("Non-Fiction: Author: Antonia Fraser" ), Orion Books, 2004–2007 (2009 ). Retrieved 9 April 2009.〕 ==Family background and education== Fraser is the daughter of Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford (1905–2001), and his wife, Elizabeth Pakenham, Countess of Longford, née Elizabeth Harman (1906–2002). As the daughter of an Earl, she is accorded the honorific courtesy title "Lady" and thus customarily addressed formally as "Lady Antonia".〔 As a teenager,〔Ginny Dougary, ("Lady Antonia Fraser's Life Less Ordinary: ) In a Frank Interview, the Famed Writer Talks about Motherhood, Catholicism, Her Parents and Soulmate Harold Pinter", ''The Times'', News Corporation, 5 July 2008, 9 April 2009.〕 she and her siblings converted to Catholicism, following the conversions of their parents.〔〔Daniel Snowman, ("Lady Antonia Fraser" ), ''History Today'' 50.10 (October 2000): pp. 26–28, ''History Today'', n.d., 8 April 2009 (excerpt; full article available to subscribers or pay-per-view customers).〕 Her "maternal grandparents were Unitarians – a non-conformist faith with a strong emphasis on social reform ...". In response to criticism of her writing about Oliver Cromwell, she has said, "I have no Catholic blood". Before his own conversion in his thirties following a nervous breakdown in the Army, as she explains, "My father was Protestant Church of Ireland, and my mother was Unitarian up to the age of 20 when she abandoned it."〔 She was educated at the Dragon School in Oxford,〔〔("Non-Fiction: Antonia Fraser: Author Q&A" ), ''Orion Books'', 2004–2007 (2009 ). Retrieved 9 April 2009.〕 St Mary's School, Ascot, and Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford; the last was also her mother's alma mater.〔〔Nicholas Wroe, ("Profile: The History Woman" ), ''The Guardian'', Arts & Humanities, 24 August 2002. Retrieved 8 April 2009.〕〔("Featured Alumni: Antonia Fraser: Author, Lady Margaret Hall" ), ''University of Oxford Alumni'', University of Oxford, 29 October 2007. Retrieved 17 June 2008.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Antonia Fraser」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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